Early Forget-me-not, Myosotis ramosissima
A follow-on blog from my general blog on dry habitat 'Forget-me-nots July 2020' Myosotis ramosissima with attention to the sub-species ramosissima and globularis, using knowledge gained in Spring 2021. Both sub-species would appear to be present in Cambridgeshire but as sub-species some plants do not always divide nicely into either camp. A comparison with M. arvensis is also included.
Summary and terminology.
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| M. ramosissima ssp. globularis. 19May2021, Cambridge, Norman Way. |
Sub-species globularis has several differences from the sub-species ramosissima.
Stace gives the sub-species name lebelii to the intermediates.
Sub-species globularis
1) Flowers present almost to the base of stem.
2) Calyx is up to 2.5mm rather than up to 4mm in ssp. ramosissima.
3) Calyx lobes broadly triangular rather than narrowly triangular.
4) Corolla distinctly exceeding the calyx rather than scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Ref. Sell and Murrell, Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol 3 Page 374.
In this particular plant as shown above, the stem leaves were limited to either one or two, with the highest being only 1 cm from the base. The inflorescence then continues 7cm beyond the top stem leaf. The stem leaves were at stem junctions.
The length of the calyx was measured at 2-2.5mm and the calyx lobes are cut to slightly more than half way and are quite blunt tipped. The tips of the calyx fall short of the petals so you can see the corolla tube before it splits into the petals. The petals are held in a cone rather than being flat.
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| M. ramosissima ssp. globularis Scale in mm |
The above photo shows the calyx is just over 2mm in length and tends to have the calyx teeth slightly open in fruit. The corolla tube is easy to see with a gap between the calyx teeth tips and the petals. The flower has a diameter of just under 2mm.
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| M. ramosissima ssp. ramosissima, Gun Hill Dunes, North Norfolk. 3Jun2021 |
The tips of the calyces are touching the petals so there is no gap to show the corolla tube. The calyces are slightly more pointed than shown in ssp. globularis. The length of the calyces were over 3mm. This plant was found in the short turf of the dunes just west of Holkham Pines, Norfolk.
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| M. arvensis. Fen Drayton, Cambs. 30May2021 |
Field Forget-me-not M. arvensis can look similar to M. ramosissima ssp. ramosissima with no corolla gap but the pedicels are longer than the length of the calyx and so far, this has always been a clear difference once the pedicel has grown/matured.
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| M. ramosissima ssp. ramosissima. Newmarket. 18May2021 |
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| M. ramosissima ssp. ramosissima. Newmarket. 18May2021 The lack of corolla gap on the open flower is not quite as much as some, short pedicles supporting longer calyces. Note the fading flower is starting to show the corolla tube so the presence of the gap should be taken from fully open flowers. |
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| M. ramosissima ssp. globularis, Fen Drayton. 15May2021 |
Flowers present almost to base of stem although this may be a difficult feature to determine on some plants due to variation in growing structure. Corolla gap is clear. Note short pedicels.
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| Top plant is a M. ramosissima ssp. ramosissima from Cambridge North Station sidings and the lower plant is a M. arvensis. The stem leaves do go up the stem in both but the M. arvensis tends to have many more leaves and has a thicker stem. The pedicels are much longer in the M. arvensis. 15May2020. |
Summary. Sometimes very small plants of Field Forget-me-not M. arvensis are hard to tell apart from Early Forget-me-nots M. ramosissima. Some knowledge of the two sub-species helps in distinguishing Early ramosissima from Field M.arvensis. I thought at first that the corolla gap would be a good feature to distinguish them. This hit a problem fairy quickly in that some ramosissima lacked the corolla gap and hence triggered an investigation of the literature.
The two sub-species both have chromosomes 2n=48 and some plants will be intermediate. So far, on a limited sample, these two sub-species do seem to be consistently different, based on the four differences noted by Sell and Murell.
Stace gives the sub-species name lebelii to the intermediates. The difference in the shape of the calyces' lobes is very subtle and the structure of the plant can be be variable but the corolla gap and length of the calyces seem to hold up well. With a larger sample I would expect some intermediate plants to be found and it would be interesting to take samples from many sites and plot the corolla gap and length of calyx to get distributions. The pedicle length could be added as another parameter.
What also seems to hold up very well, is the length of the pedicels in relation to the length of the calyces; being short in both sub-species. Often M. arvensis has clearly longer pedicles especially lower down the stem being equal or longer than the length of the calyx.
There is truth in the words in Sell that 'M. arvensis , ramosissima and sylvatica run into one another and are difficult to distinguish on precise characters but can usually be recognised in the field when all taxa involved have become familiar'.
Hopefully these photos will help in the identification of both versions of Early Forget-me-not. Some populations seem to have many plants that are intermediates but others do seem to fall into one camp or the other.
Peter Leonard
Rampton, Cambridgeshire.
11June 2021
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| M. arvensis showing pedicle length equal or longer than calyx length. |
